Adamantinoma of tibia presenting as a benign bone cyst

Adamantinoma (AD) is a very rare, low-grade, malignant bone tumour that accounts for approximately 0.4% of all primary bone tumours. In 1913, Fischer named the lesion "adamantinoma" because it resembles AD of the jaw. In Contrast to those found in the jaw, adamantinomas of the long bones metastasize in 20% of the cases, usually to the lungs and nearby lymph nodes. The tumour primarily occurs in patients aged between 20-40 years and 85-90% of cases, the tibia is affected [15]. Diagnosis of adamantinoma is clinically complicated except for typical cases because it is quite similar to other benign bone lesions, such as fibrous dysplasia (FD) and osteofibro dysplasia (OFD) of long bones with respect to radiological and pathological findings. The typical location of adamantinoma is the intracortical areal of the diaphysis. Plain film have shown a well circumscribed, cortical, multilobulated osteolytic lesion with intralesional opacities, septation and peripheral sclerosis. These findings imply the lesions' nature of slow growth [6,7]. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence have shown that the neoplastic cells in AD derives from epithelial lineage. Recent reports have described another clinical entity-differentiated or OFD-like AD that appears between OFD and AD along a spectrum of disease. Features resembling other lesions such as OFD or FD may lead to misdiagnosis and result in inadequate treatment of this tumour[9].

Restoration of images from the scanning-tunneling microscope.

During the acquisition of an image from any probe microscope instrument, various noise sources cause distortion in the observed image. It is often the case that impulsive disturbances cause bright groups of pixels to replace the actual image data in these locations. Furthermore, the images from a probe microscope show some amount of blurring caused both by the instrument function and the material properties. In almost all image-processing applications it is important to remove any impulsive distortion that may be present before deblurring can be attempted. We give a technique for detecting these impulses and reconstructing the image. This technique is superior to the standard global application of median filters for the case considered. The reconstruction is limited only to the affected regions and therefore results in a much sharper and more meaningful image. With the assumption of Gaussian blur it is then possible to propose several different deblurring methodologies. We present a novel Wiener-filter deblurring implementation and compare it to both maximum-entropy and Richardson-Lucy deblurring.